Bodrum is a picturesque town located on the Aegean Coast of Turkey. It is known for its stunning beaches, vibrant nightlife, and rich history. The town is home to the famous Bodrum Castle, which was built by the Knights of St. John in the 15th century. Visitors can explore the castle and learn about its fascinating past. For those seeking a more relaxed experience, Bodrum boasts numerous beaches and crystal-clear waters perfect for swimming and sunbathing. The town also offers a variety of restaurants and bars, making it an ideal destination for both families and young travelers alike.
Known as Halicarnassus in antiquity, Bodrum became influential from the 5th century BCE onward under the rule of the Persian Empire. Halicarnassus thrived under the rule of Mausolus and his wife Artemisia II (also his sister), continuing the Hekatomnid dynasty established by their late father Hecatomnus. They dedicated energy to developing it, paving the streets, erecting houses, and building a large fortified palace by the harbor.
When Mausolus died in 353 BCE, his widow ordered the construction of a magnificent hilltop tomb to honor her late husband. Known as the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, it was built in classic Greek style with a roof design evocative of Egyptian architecture.
On completion, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the word was adopted to describe monumental tombs built above ground.
After Mausolus’ death, the rule of Halicarnassus was passed onto his widow and his other sister Ada, as his brother had died several years earlier. When Alexander the Great arrived to conquer the area, Ada made a move to adopt him as her son, a strategic move that secured her position as queen until her death. The dynasty of Hekatomnid came to an end with the death of Ada, but the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus remained the symbol of the city for centuries.
Early in the 15th century, the Knights of Rhodes constructed the Castle of Saint Peter, known now as Bodrum Castle. It is situated at the tip of the peninsula. Records show that marble columns and some reliefs from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus were used in the original construction. Later around 1505 to 1507 it is believed that sculptures from the Mausoleum were also added.
